ART OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE Carbonia - Tours 
Maybe sometimes you do not have eyes to things too to 'hand'. Maybe sometimes you do not notice that, beyond the ugly events in the past, it remains something to be saved. The city of Carbonia
is a fine example of those places for a long time were not considered interesting from the point of view of aesthetics and architecture, and instead spent the time, he recognized a certain historical importance its development, as witnessed not only the past, but also the history of Italian architecture in general.
Before the ugliness without logic created only with poor quality materials in the postwar years, in the heat of the reconstruction, are examples of buildings and places designed for workers with a degree of rationality that is absolutely 'separate' from the rest of the damage done. In fact, carbon and certainly the most significant of the new towns fascist, as it fits in an economic project aimed at strengthening the state's involvement in the private side.
First, talking to people - and then examining the manuals - it turns out that: although "the location which arose in the new City of Sardinian coal was chosen in the immediate vicinity of numerous wells, mines Sirai constituents, Schisorgiu, Tana, and Nuraxeddu Serbariu. (...) Bounded on the west by the Via Nazionale Iglesias - Porto barrel, on the south by road to the City of joining this Serbariu, east and north from the line of the Serre and Lurdagu Narboni on Fredi. (...) At first the city would rise due to the mountain Sirai, perhaps to free up the current occupied territory and exploit the coal resources. But then finally the area was chosen taking into account its features. Legendary (?) Created in just 300 days, "In that area the land is apparent, with gentle slope toward the mine Serbariu and opens with a beautiful view towards the plain below, and not far from the Tyrrhenian Sea, providing substantial resources for the many scenic and beautiful visuali.E (...) with regard to communications, the area is well served, as well as the national highway Iglesiente Sulcis also by the railway that runs parallel.
The area was also chosen according to the wind and the terrain : The place is well ventilated, with winds of no excessive violence, the nature of the soil, of alluvial origin with plenty of trachyte and limestone in immediate vicinity, is excellent for the use of manufacturability easy supply of building materials .
is certain is that Carbon is a wonderful example of rationalist architecture built 'to serve the mines' and hence the miners: a self-sufficient city par excellence, then, that in reading the date from the time shows the hopes and contradictions of Fascist.
It 's also true that Fascist propaganda promoted the birth of the city as a civilizing work of the regime, as if you were colonizing a "wasteland" and "of poor men," according to a rhetoric already effectively used for the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes. Sulcis Actually, it was already dotted with evenly placed in some smaller settlements focal points of the morphological structure and planning. For centuries, its history was marked by mining, mainly related to metallic minerals, but since the late nineteenth century began to make some deposits of fossil fuel. (by Antonella Sanna, http://www.archphoto.it)
ITINERARY OF VISIT: CENTER - S. Pontian, City Hall, Tower Fascist, Piazza Roma Conceived in 1937 and inaugurated in 1938, Carbonia was founded with the aim of exploiting the coal mines of intensely Sulcis constructing a center designed to accommodate the employees, the director of mines for miners. Like all the city created in this period, has an orthogonal axis road in the center there is the Piazza Roma. Here the city hall, the church of St. Pontian, the building of the tower after work and Fascist.
In Piazza Roma look carefully
the church of St. Pontian , imaginary axis around which are arranged on the one hand
the town hall, the tower and the other Fascist
,
the building after work and
cineteatro . The church, designed by Ignazio Guidi and Cesare Valle, is dedicated to
Pontian, pope that in the third century. was sentenced to hard labor in the mines of Sulcis and then became the patron saint of the city , Whose vocation was clearly evident in coal name. Made of bricks
trachyte, houses inside the Via Dolorosa and the Crucifixion of Eugene Tavolara. At left is the imposing bell tower, similar to that of the Cathedral of Aquileia, also built of blocks of trachyte. The City Hall
, pure lines and simple, has arched arcades. At the entrance is a sculpture of Pomodoro
.
On the opposite side stands the tower
Fascist, now houses the municipal offices and can be visited on request: designed by Gustavo Pulitzer Finali, is a rectangular brick trachitici.All 'entrance is a bas-relief cross with allegories Venanzio various fascist on the first floor a futurist painting by Corrado Forlin. With the panoramic lift to get on the roof, where they can enjoy a great view.
THE HOUSES OF CARBON - House working type: consists of four apartments distributed in two floors, each apartment has one, two or three rooms beyond the kitchen - living room and services. Each unit has complete independence from others in the same house and have a vegetable garden - the garden. Are installed in every household drinking water and electric lighting. The miners were housed in two-storey houses for four families, but with separate entrances for the upper level call the presence of external scales symmetrically arranged, resting on the usual base of trachyte, which became the leitmotif of all the buildings Carbonia. Each unit had a budget of about 500 square meters for a vegetable garden, useful to contribute to the family. Other types vary the layout of apartments or shell, as well as having different sizes, but all the houses are marked by simplicity and economy.
- workers Hotels: have been studied and planned for the rapid and economic transformation in residential accommodation for 22 miners, the miners are organized without family rooms for up to six beds, grouped into three groups of four rooms. Each core has its own entrance provided with separate services. The ground floor is a spacious dining hall, a kitchen for 150 rations, equipped for economic management, and a plant with hot water showers.
- Homes for managers: comprising a single housing development are each fitted with central heating and complemented by services and simple finishes. All single-family houses located near the Piazza Roma and close to the villa of the director of the mine. These duplex apartments with more amenities - including remittances - and with the outside covered with stone to the first floor.
- Houses used: each contain two flats, with finishes and cheaper services. Are naturally studied in detail and finishing the houses for employees than for the miners. These are real buildings with interior entrances with a porch and balcony to the front line.
Also:
THE HOTEL FOR EMPLOYEES - via Ardeatine
(draft Eugenio Montuori) born as a residence for workers without families, myrobalan example of rationalist architecture in Sardinia, outwardly simple but aesthetically pleasing . Interesting is the rational distribution of space, which is based on the concept of planning in environments based on their functions
. Located n
elle near the urban center, has a sober and good proportions. It consists of two floors over ground: 36 rooms, equipped with running hot and cold and accompanied by large balconies, and two apartments for guests. There is a remarkable sequence of large balconies protected by blinds, also repeated on the short side.
The most important are the interiors in marble of Carrara, which fall into the logic of the use of
autarkic production materials or local Italian, like the trachyte, and used as a base for structures of many buildings Coal town. Internally, the joint services were on the ground floor with the canteen and reading room and games, and the forty single rooms, all with a balcony railing pierced limited by the two upper floors.
The functionality of the building was insured by the rational distribution of the different spaces with the possibility of an indoor area reserved for lunch in the garden.
LOT B - to that of population B is related to Benito - located in the north of the city at the foot of the hill Rosemary, extends along the Sicily and its bars. In its typical houses to "Cameron", consisting of a single rectangular plane with minimal services, hosted the workers were engaged in the construction of Carbonia. The district, after the transfer of workers employed in hotels, was used by the military garrison.
In the nearby Piazza I Maggio was located Dopolavoro neighborhood, where activities such as recreational Dopolavoro Central. (Recently it has been restored thanks to the Development Project of Lot B and the inside was permanent exhibition of the artist known as Master Lucchi.)
VILLA SULCIS - Now
via Naples Archaeological Museum, was the residence of Director of the coal mines, built in the late thirties of the twentieth century and surrounded by an extensive park. Inside is material dating from the Neolithic to the Byzantine period, in Via Campania, next, is the Museum of Paleontology Martel, con oltre 700 reperti fossili di organismi animali e vegetali.
E' fondamentale tener presente che tutti i criteri usati per la costruzione e la distribuzione delle residenze seguono le gerarchie sociali e del lavoro nell'industria mineraria . Si noti che le villette o le case bifamiliari riservate ai funzionari - più ampie come interni o e nella quantità di alloggi - destinati a impiegati, operai e minatori sono progressivamente sistemate sempre più lontano dal centro, in zona più 'residenziale'.
Perciò le abitazioni a Carbonia seguono varie tipologie, che erano poi
i modelli proposti dall'Azienda Carboni Italiani , public-law - who ran Carbonia - with abundant use of local stone and a minimal use of iron, given the self-sufficient economy of time. (The floors are in fact generally ruled by brick vaults.)
In principle there are two-storey houses with accommodation for four families with separate entrances and a kitchen garden. Or are building blocks 'intensive', comprising 24 to 48 apartments, with simple openings in facades and balconies trimmed flush with the wall.
Carbonia worth a visit to the curious tourist, a lover of history and art . A last glimpse of it as getting on with Rosemary Mount, where we see the rigorous urban planning in quale le linee curve si armonizzano con la regolarità e la simmetria degli isolati. I tracciati stradali sono regolari e perpendicolari nelle aree libere per diventare avvolgenti intorno al piccolo 'monte' (ha un'altezza di poco più di m 100). Ancora oggi si può cogliere il cosciente e notevole rapporto della città con l'ambiente circostante.
(Grazie alle info da: F. Masala, Architettura dall'Unità d'Italia alla fine del '900, collana "Storia dell'arte in Sardegna", Nuoro, Ilisso, 2001, sch. 114-118; http://www.sardegnacultura.it/documenti/7_81_20060320174432.pdf )
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